Dysmenorrhea (or dysmenorrhoea), cramps or painful
menstruation, involves menstrual periods that are accompanied by either sharp,
intermittent pain or dull, aching pain, usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.
Painful menstruation affects approximately 50% of
menstruating women, and 10% are incapacitated for up to 3 days. Painful
menstruation is the leading cause of lost time from school and work among women
of childbearing age. This pain may precede menstruation by several days or may
accompany it, and it usually subsides as menstruation tapers off.
Although some pain during menstruation is normal, excessive
pain is not. Dysmenorrhea refers to menstrual pain severe enough to limit normal
activities or require medication. It may coexist with excessively heavy blood
loss (menorrhagia).
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